The word “canon” comes from a Greek term that originally meant “measuring

stick,” like a ruler or yardstick. The word was also used to refer to a set of

measurements or even plans for proper construction of something, like a

temple or a shrine.

When used in connection with collections of writings, the term “canon” refers

to a widely recognized list of texts. For example, you may have heard of a

canon of British literature, a canon of Greek poetry, and so on. These are

simply the most popular works or the basics to get you started. In biblical

studies, however — and this is important — “canon” means much more. A

biblical canon refers to the actual approved list of scripture (meaning simply

religious books) that became central to religious discussion and debate on

matters of faith. If it isn’t on the list and therefore part of the canon, it isn’t

considered a solid basis for the faith.

Keep in mind that when we talk about scripture, the term “canon” means

“official and approved,” not simply “suggested, recognized, or recommended.”

In other words, a canon of poetry is suggested writings, but a biblical canon

is the approved list and no others! The latter is much more formal.

The notion of agreeing on a biblical canon is a very controversial idea

because, for starters, there’s a great difference between scripture and canon,

and it’s very important not to confuse the two. Many religious traditions have

scriptures — written works that they consider to be very important for their

religious traditions. Buddhism has a scripture, as does Hinduism. But not all

these religious traditions have a canon — a limited list that was officially

determined and which excludes some writings and includes others. Judaism,

Christianity, and Islam fit the definition, so to speak, by having what can

undeniably be called canons: lists of approved writings that intentionally

exclude other writings